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A Synth1 Review) above you'll see that Synth1 has issues on Mac OS, while the Windows version is very stable. Mac OS version has more updates than Windows, but still not functioning properly, I tested it in Cubase 8.5 and Logic 9 and had the same experience. Google Earth is a computer program, formerly known as Keyhole EarthViewer, that renders a 3D representation of Earth based primarily on satellite imagery.The program maps the Earth by superimposing satellite images, aerial photography, and GIS data onto a 3D globe, allowing users to see cities and landscapes from various angles. However, OS X Mountain Lion is likely to be appreciated in the future. For those with incompatible Macs and incompatible software - who likely stuck with Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard - and did not upgrade to OS X Lion, there is unlikely to be a reason to upgrade to OS X Mountain Lion, either. Get all of Hollywood.com's best Movies lists, news, and more.
A Mac computer with an Intel Core 2 Duo, Core i3, Core i5, Core i7, Core i9, Intel Core M or Xeon processor; A minimum of 4 GB of RAM; At least 500 MB of space on your local hard drive to download the Parallels Desktop installation. Additional disk space is needed for the guest OS and future saved files.
So, you've decided to download an older version of Mac OS X. There are many reasons that could point you to this radical decision. To begin with, some of your apps may not be working properly (or simply crash) on newer operating systems. Also, you may have noticed your Mac's performance went down right after the last update. Finally, if you want to run a parallel copy of Mac OS X on a virtual machine, you too will need a working installation file of an older Mac OS X. Further down we'll explain where to get one and what problems you may face down the road.
A list of all Mac OS X versions
We'll be repeatedly referring to these Apple OS versions below, so it's good to know the basic macOS timeline.
Cheetah 10.0 | Puma 10.1 | Jaguar 10.2 |
Panther 10.3 | Tiger 10.4 | Leopard 10.5 |
Snow Leopard 10.6 | Lion 10.7 | Mountain Lion 10.8 |
Mavericks 10.9 | Yosemite 10.10 | El Capitan 10.11 |
Sierra 10.12 | High Sierra 10.13 | Mojave 10.14 |
Catalina 10.15 |
STEP 1. Prepare your Mac for installation
Given your Mac isn't new and is filled with data, you will probably need enough free space on your Mac. This includes not just space for the OS itself but also space for other applications and your user data. One more argument is that the free space on your disk translates into virtual memory so your apps have 'fuel' to operate on. The chart below tells you how much free space is needed.
Note, that it is recommended that you install OS on a clean drive. Next, you will need enough disk space available, for example, to create Recovery Partition. Here are some ideas to free up space on your drive:
- Uninstall large unused apps
- Empty Trash Bin and Downloads
- Locate the biggest files on your computer:
Go to Finder > All My Files > Arrange by size
Then you can move your space hoggers onto an external drive or a cloud storage.
If you aren't comfortable with cleaning the Mac manually, there are some nice automatic 'room cleaners'. Our favorite is CleanMyMac as it's most simple to use of all. It deletes system junk, old broken apps, and the rest of hidden junk on your drive.
Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.4 - 10.8 (free version)
Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.9 (free version)
Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.10 - 10.14 (free version)
STEP 2. Get a copy of Mac OS X download
Normally, it is assumed that updating OS is a one-way road. That's why going back to a past Apple OS version is problematic. The main challenge is to download the OS installation file itself, because your Mac may already be running a newer version. If you succeed in downloading the OS installation, your next step is to create a bootable USB or DVD and then reinstall the OS on your computer.
How to download older Mac OS X versions via the App Store
If you once had purchased an old version of Mac OS X from the App Store, open it and go to the Purchased tab. There you'll find all the installers you can download. However, it doesn't always work that way. The purchased section lists only those operating systems that you had downloaded in the past. But here is the path to check it:
- Click the App Store icon.
- Click Purchases in the top menu.
- Scroll down to find the preferred OS X version.
- Click Download.
This method allows you to download Mavericks and Yosemite by logging with your Apple ID — only if you previously downloaded them from the Mac App Store.
Without App Store: Download Mac OS version as Apple Developer
If you are signed with an Apple Developer account, you can get access to products that are no longer listed on the App Store. If you desperately need a lower OS X version build, consider creating a new Developer account among other options. The membership cost is $99/year and provides a bunch of perks unavailable to ordinary users.
Nevertheless, keep in mind that if you visit developer.apple.com/downloads, you can only find 10.3-10.6 OS X operating systems there. Newer versions are not available because starting Mac OS X Snow Leopard 10.7, the App Store has become the only source of updating Apple OS versions.
Purchase an older version of Mac operating system
You can purchase a boxed or email version of past Mac OS X directly from Apple. Both will cost you around $20. For the reason of being rather antiquated, Snow Leopard and earlier Apple versions can only be installed from DVD.
Buy a boxed edition of Snow Leopard 10.6
Get an email copy of Lion 10.7
Get an email copy of Mountain Lion 10.8
The email edition comes with a special download code you can use for the Mac App Store. Note, that to install the Lion or Mountain Lion, your Mac needs to be running Snow Leopard so you can install the newer OS on top of it.
How to get macOS El Capitan download
If you are wondering if you can run El Capitan on an older Mac, rejoice as it's possible too. But before your Mac can run El Capitan it has to be updated to OS X 10.6.8. So, here are main steps you should take:
1. Install Snow Leopard from install DVD.
2. Update to 10.6.8 using Software Update.
3. Download El Capitan here.
'I can't download an old version of Mac OS X'
If you have a newer Mac, there is no physical option to install Mac OS versions older than your current Mac model. For instance, if your MacBook was released in 2014, don't expect it to run any OS released prior of that time, because older Apple OS versions simply do not include hardware drivers for your Mac.
But as it often happens, workarounds are possible. There is still a chance to download the installation file if you have an access to a Mac (or virtual machine) running that operating system. For example, to get an installer for Lion, you may ask a friend who has Lion-operated Mac or, once again, set up a virtual machine running Lion. Then you will need to prepare an external drive to download the installation file using OS X Utilities.
After you've completed the download, the installer should launch automatically, but you can click Cancel and copy the file you need. Below is the detailed instruction how to do it.
STEP 3. Install older OS X onto an external drive
The following method allows you to download Mac OS X Lion, Mountain Lion, and Mavericks.
- Start your Mac holding down Command + R.
- Prepare a clean external drive (at least 10 GB of storage).
- Within OS X Utilities, choose Reinstall OS X.
- Select external drive as a source.
- Enter your Apple ID.
Now the OS should start downloading automatically onto the external drive. After the download is complete, your Mac will prompt you to do a restart, but at this point, you should completely shut it down. Now that the installation file is 'captured' onto your external drive, you can reinstall the OS, this time running the file on your Mac.
- Boot your Mac from your standard drive.
- Connect the external drive.
- Go to external drive > OS X Install Data.
Locate InstallESD.dmg disk image file — this is the file you need to reinstall Lion OS X. The same steps are valid for Mountain Lion and Mavericks.
How to downgrade a Mac running later macOS versions
If your Mac runs macOS Sierra 10.12 or macOS High Sierra 10.13, it is possible to revert it to the previous system if you are not satisfied with the experience. You can do it either with Time Machine or by creating a bootable USB or external drive.
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Sierra
Instruction to downgrade from macOS High Sierra
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Mojave
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Catalina
Before you do it, the best advice is to back your Mac up so your most important files stay intact. In addition to that, it makes sense to clean up your Mac from old system junk files and application leftovers. The easiest way to do it is to run CleanMyMac X on your machine (download it for free here).
Visit your local Apple Store to download older OS X version
If none of the options to get older OS X worked, pay a visit to nearest local Apple Store. They should have image installations going back to OS Leopard and earlier. You can also ask their assistance to create a bootable USB drive with the installation file. So here you are. We hope this article has helped you to download an old version of Mac OS X. Below are a few more links you may find interesting.
One of the most asked questions on all Mac forums is whether it is ok to buy a MacBook Pro with just 8GB or it would be better to upgrade to at least 16GB. Answers obviously vary from person to person, but the common consensus is it depends on which applications you are going to use.
The problem with forums is that the more you read them, the more confusing it gets because people are suggesting solutions, but they do not know your circumstances.
I don't know them either, but I can help you to reach a decision by asking some questions and refuting some common myths.
Once you get all the required information, you (hopefully) will be able to make an informed decision on which works best for you. Here's my take on this topic.
8GB of RAM is enough for someone who uses a MacBook Air or Pro to surf the internet, check emails, and work with documents. Those who write code, professionally edit videos and audio, or use the laptop for gaming should invest in MacBook Pro with 16GB or more computer memory.
Here's the quick decision guide:
And now let me prove my point of view.
RAM vs Storage: What's the Difference
You may wonder why memory options start with 8 gigs and storage with 256 on new Apple computers.
Where those numbers come from?
To avoid being too technical, let me explain the difference between two on a simple example.
Let's assume you are building a house.
You have a warehouse with all tools required for the job, but the problem is that the warehouse is located half a mile from the place you have chosen for your new home.
Since you can't move the entire warehouse to the construction place, you decided to use a toolbox to carry only the tools you need for the next task.
In this hypothetical example, you are a processor (CPU) that does the work. A warehouse is a storage (disk) that contains everything you need now or may need sometime in the future.
And finally, the toolbox is a short term memory (or RAM).
So, what the difference between bigger and smaller toolboxes?
With a bigger toolbox, you will make fewer trips between warehouse and construction objects and save time.
Same with computer memory. The more RAM you have, the more apps can run at the same time. With less memory, the computer has to access the storage (which is significantly slower than RAM) more frequently.
This means that in theory, with more memory your Mac may run faster.
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Now, let's see how this applies to the real life.
4 Reasons to Buy a MacBook Pro With 16GB RAM
1. You need advanced hardware for work
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I use MacBook Pro 16″ with 16GB of RAM and tons of disk storage.
I am a software developer and as such, I need serious computing power to:
- Run multiple operating systems
- Run multiple VMs
- Run application and database servers locally
- Build applications with millions of lines of code
The main reason for me to have more memory is ability to run multiple resource-hungry apps simultaneously.
However, if I used virtual clouds to host VMs, servers, databases, and build processes, I would be fine with 8GB.
So, if the question is whether programmers would benefit from more memory then the answer is:
Beginner programmers do not need more than 8GB RAM on Mac. The developers who use virtual clouds for heavy work will also be fine with standard memory. Only the programmers that run VMs, databases, etc. on their MacBooks, need 16GB or more.
Another type of work that benefits from upgrades is computer designers. If you use Adobe Photoshop, Final Cut Pro, Logic Pro, or similar software, then go with 16 gigs.
2. You are a serious gamer
You probably heard about gaming laptops.
These are the most powerful computers on the market and for a good reason. Most modern games require a lot of resources.
You can run games with minimal hardware specs, but the graphics will not be good, the game will constantly lag and even crash.
The main requirement for most games is a good graphics card and processor. The next requirement would be more memory.
But again, some games are heavier than others.
For instance, if you love to play Minecraft or Crossy Road Castle, the base MacBook Air will do.
But, if you love Call of Duty or another game with advanced graphics, then consider buying MacBook Pro with 16GB.
3. You tend to future-proof purchases
You still remember the worst mistake of your life when you bought a 2 door Mini convertible three years ago.
As soon as you signed the credit application you found out that the girl you met last week at your friends' house is planning your wedding in May.
Within three weeks after buying a car you had buyer remorse.
What were you thinking?
How are going to fit your wife and three children that were born 10 days after the wedding to the Mini convertible?
No, you will not make this mistake again with your laptop.
You will future proof and buy a MacBook with 32GB of RAM so you can watch pictures of your triplets in 3D.
My point is that some people like to be overprepared.
If you belong to this category and you can afford to spend an extra $200, then go ahead and invest in upgrades.
However, if you are short on cash, but still think about upgrades, the best upgrade sequence in my opinion is the following:
- Disk/storage
- CPU
- RAM
One player pong mac os. In other words, you start with upgrading storage. If you have some money left, consider upgrading the processor. Memory upgrade comes last as it gives least bang for buck.
And be careful – Apple upgrades are costly. A base MacBook Pro 16″ costs around $2500, but the price tag for fully upgraded one is close to five grand.
4. You buy iPhone every two years
I met a lot of people who flip burgers in McDonald's and they own last generation iPhones which cost a little less than MacBook Air.
'What's the secret of the financial success of those amazing people?', you wonder.
How they manage to upgrade expensive iPhones every two years?
The secret is simple and it's called 18-month special financing (no interest if paid in full).
Let's assume that the base MBP model with 8GB will cost $1299.00.
With 12-month special financing, you will have to pay $108.25/mo for 12 months.
Can you afford payments? Ok, let's move on.
Now, let's add $200 and upgrade the memory to 16GB. Now, you have to pay 124.91/mo.
Can you still afford the payments?
You nod.
Your face lits up with a smile.
You hide a heap of crumpled dollar bills in the back pocket of your Duluth pants and go to the Apple site to apply for credit.
By the way, a credit line is not the only way to make computer purchases affordable. Check my other article on various saving tips:
Two reasons why 8GB is all you need
1. You use laptops as a YouTube player and/or a typewriter
Most users don't need advanced hardware. In fact, they would be fine even with 4GB RAM.
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For example, I have two 2014 MacBooks Air: 11″ and 13″.
Both are always in the dining room somewhere under the table, and when we need to check something on the internet or watch a YouTube video, either one works great.
No delays, no crashes, no overheating.
And when I browse the internet on MBA with 4GB vs MacBook Pro with 8GB, I see no difference in performance.
So, if 4GB is enough for daily stuff, then 16GB is kinda excessive.
Also, if your main job is editing documents in Google docs or MS Office, then you don't need a powerful computer.
For instance, I am typing this text on base model of MacBook Air M1 while listening music in YouTube, and I have no problems.
Here's how Activity Monitor window looks at this very moment:
There is one exception for finance people who use Excel. I know folks that work with gigabyte sheets and they need memory even more than storage.
2. You are reading this article
If you're reading this article there is a 93% chance that you are either a newbie or not very good with tech.
If you were using Apple laptops for many years you would be scaring mortals on forums with unrealistic demands for computing power.
But, let's get serious.
We will use an elimination process to find those fancy people who will benefit from extra memory.
Why?
When solving any problem, it's best to start with the 'Why?' question.
In our case, the question is, Why are people asking about choosing between 8GB and 16GB?
There are two answers:
- Apple allows to upgrade CPU, RAM, and storage at the time of purchase, and many people seem to start desperately googling to find out if upgrades are required or worthful. By the way, if are wondering if a storage upgrade is required as well check my post about 128GB minimum storage for MacBooks.
- The buyer knows that RAM in MacBooks is soldered to the motherboard and there is no way to upgrade it later.
If you're already aware of limited MacBook upgradeability, then you should answer another question: If it was possible to add more memory later would it solve your problem?
If you have previously owned a laptop, did you ever upgrade memory on them?
Or did you buy another laptop?
In case if you have never upgraded old laptops, then chances that you would care about MacBook upgradeability are virtually zero.
So stop worrying and go ahead with the new MacBook Pro with 8GB (or the same amount of RAM you already have on your current laptop).
Myth of future-proofing
When asking about RAM upgrades, most users talk about future-proofing their purchase.
What does it mean?
Future-proofing is basically fear of the future.
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A fear that one day Apple will release a new upgrade and I will not be able to use my MacBook.
Or a fear that one day I decide to be a programmer or a designer and I will need more resources and now I am stuck.
Let's first address the first fear.
I always recommend having automatic upgrades on so the OS (operating system) on your laptop is up to date, has all enhancements (including performance improvements), and is secure.
But the thing you don't have to upgrade to the new OS.
In 2018, macOS Mojave introduced using about 2GB of RAM for itself. This figure stayed almost the same since 2013, which means that with 8GB of physical RAM, you have about 6GB for all applications.
If for some reason Apple decides to release a new OS that will demand 8GB then you don't have to upgrade.
If you made a mistake and upgraded you can always go back, especially if you have a Time Machine backup.
I work in the computer industry and I have customers who are still using 30-year old hardware and software!
Now, what about a career change?
Well, I think I covered this already.
What's the worst thing is going to happen?
Every time I am faced with a dilemma, this is a question I ask myself.
Let's assume that I have only 8GB, and I installed an application that needs a lot of memory.
In 99% of cases, it means that the application will run slow, and only in 1% of cases, it will not run at all.
If there is not enough memory, the operating system starts swapping data between memory and the disk drive.
Back in the day, when we had HDDs, it would mean that the application will be unusable. Now, with faster SSDs, the performance is simply terrible but still tolerable.
If you have such an application, you may be forced to close all other apps to free as much memory as possible, which is inconvenient but doable.
Do you really need a MacBook?
This is actually a very good question.
If you never had a laptop before, why do you think you need a Mac?
If you want to play games then you should know that the MBP is not a gaming laptop.
Gaming laptops have specific requirements and the main requirement is a dedicated GPU (graphics processing unit). You can buy a gaming laptop cheaper than an MBP with the possibility of a future upgrade for half the price.
If you are a LAMP developer then maybe you better off with a Linux laptop?
PC laptop vs MacBook Air
Since we started questioning the feasibility of MacBooks as a class laptops, let me share a story about my laptops.
In 2014 I bought two laptops.
First was a MacBook Air with 4GB RAM and 128GB SSD.
The second was a Dell XPS 15 (for the price of 15-inch MBP) with 8GB RAM and 512GB HDD. A year later, I upgraded my Dell with 16GB RAM and 512GB SSD because I wanted to run a SQL Server on it.
Now, after 5 years, I have a chance to check a future proof myth. I don't use either laptop for anything serious. On both of them, I only edit Word documents and browse the internet.
MBA runs as well as it used to 5 years ago. When I open the lid, it's instantly on. When I edit documents, I see no lag. It still has an original battery which holds for hours.
Dell is another story.
Did you notice that after 5 years, PCs gets …tired?
When I open a lid on Dell it takes 8-10 seconds until Windows shows a sign of life. It's like waking up a teenager for school.
When I type on my Dell, I have to periodically stop and see how letters are slowly popping up.
One cool thing that Dell has is a TouchScreen Display which is very helpful. Because the touchpad on Dell stopped working three years ago.
Did I mention that I had to replace the battery on Dell?
As for internet browsing, I call Google Chrome an equalizer. It's equally painfully slow on both laptops.
How much memory do you really need on macOS?
According to LaptopMag 8GB will let you do anything except high-end gaming.
They even backed up those numbers with some testing. Anyway, I kind of agree with them and you can use the chart below as a reference (at least for the near future).
I would add some exceptions:
- If you're planning to run VMs on a MacBook Pro, then you have two options: run only one VM at a time with low RAM settings or go for 16-32GB.
- If you're planning to work with Photoshop, Illustrator, and other design software, it won't hurt to have 16GB.
- If you're planning to run Windows on MacBook go for 16GB.
Conclusion
If you still not sure let me give you very simple tips:
- If you can afford an additional $200 go for 16GB
- If you already have 8GB MBP and you notice a memory pressure go for 16
- If you're buying for credit, go for 16
- Otherwise, buy MacBook Pro with 8GB
It's very hard to tell how much power you need for a laptop when you not good with tech.
But remember you have a 14-day return window.
Install all apps during that time, open them all, and stress test the system. Use the activity monitor to see if you benefit from memory or CPU upgrade.
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